最新嵌入式系統(tǒng)|常用詞匯表2

N
NVRAM
Non-Volatile Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that retains its data even when the system is powered down. NVRAM frequently consists of an SRAM and a long-life battery.
非易失的隨機(jī)訪問存儲(chǔ)器。一種能在系統(tǒng)關(guān)機(jī)的情況下保持它的數(shù)據(jù)的RAM。NVRAM常常由SRAM和長(zhǎng)壽命電池組成。

O
OTP
See one-time programmable.

object code（目標(biāo)代碼）
A set of processor-readable opcodes and data. The output of compilers,assemblers, linkers, and locators are files containing object code.
處理器能讀的操作碼和數(shù)據(jù)。編譯器、匯編器、連接器和定位器的輸出文件都含有目標(biāo)代碼。

object file（目標(biāo)文件）
A file containing object code. The output of a compiler or assembler.
包含目標(biāo)代碼的文件。編譯器或匯編器的輸出。

one-time programmable（一次可編程的）
Any programmable device, like a PROM, that can be programmed just once by the end user. However, this term is used almost exclusively to refer to microcontrollers with on-chip PROM.
任一可編程的設(shè)備，像PROM，僅僅能被最終用戶編程一次。然而，這個(gè)術(shù)語一般被專有地使用在擁有片上PROM的微控制器上。

opcode
A sequence of bits that is recognized by the processor as one of the instructions in its instruction set.
一串被處理器驗(yàn)證過的二進(jìn)制位的序列，它作為其指令集的一個(gè)子集。

operating system（操作系統(tǒng)）
A piece of software that makes multitasking possible. An operating system typically consists of a set of function calls, or software interrupts, and a periodic clock tick. The operating system is responsible for deciding which task should be using the processor at a given time and for controlling access to shared resources.
使多任務(wù)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)的一個(gè)軟件。一個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)典型地由一個(gè)函數(shù)調(diào)用集、軟件中斷和定期時(shí)鐘周期組成。一個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)決定哪一個(gè)任務(wù)在給定的時(shí)間將使用處理器，并且控制對(duì)共享資源的訪問。

Oscilloscope（示波器）
A hardware debugging tool that allows you to view the voltage on one or more electrical lines. For example, you might use an oscilloscope to determine if a particular interrupt is currently asserted.
一種硬件調(diào)試工具，它讓你能觀察到一個(gè)或更多電路上的電壓。例如：如果一個(gè)特殊的中斷發(fā)生，你可以用一個(gè)示波器去檢測(cè)它。

P
PROM（可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器）
Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be written (programmed) with a device programmer. These memory devices can be programmed only once, so they are sometimes referred to as write-once or one-time programmable devices.
可編程只讀存儲(chǔ)器。能被設(shè)備編程器寫的一種ROM。這種內(nèi)存設(shè)備可以被編程一次，所以它們有時(shí)被作為寫一次或一次性編程設(shè)備來看待。

parallel processing（并行進(jìn)程）
The ability to apply two or more processors to a single computation.
一種在單個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行兩個(gè)或多個(gè)程序的能力。

Peripheral （外設(shè)）
A piece of hardware other than the processor, usually memory or an I/O device. The peripheral may reside within the same chip as the processor, in which case it is called an internal peripheral.
一種不同于處理器的硬件設(shè)備，常指內(nèi)存或I/O設(shè)備。外設(shè)經(jīng)常和處理器在一片芯片上，在這種情況下，它被稱為集成外設(shè)。

physical address（物理地址）
The actual address that is placed on the address bus when accessing a memory location or register.
當(dāng)訪問內(nèi)存位置或寄存器時(shí)，在地址總線上的真實(shí)的地址。

Preemptive（搶先）
A scheduler is said to be preemptive if it allows the running task to be suspended when a higher-priority task becomes ready. Non-preemptive schedulers are easier to implement but less appropriate for embedded systems.
當(dāng)一個(gè)高優(yōu)先級(jí)的任務(wù)準(zhǔn)備好時(shí)，充許正在運(yùn)行的任務(wù)被掛起的調(diào)度策略被稱為優(yōu)先。無優(yōu)先的調(diào)度策略更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)一些但適合在嵌入式系統(tǒng)中使用。

Polling(輪詢)
A method of interfacing with hardware that involves repeatedly reading a status register until the device has reached the awaited state. Device drivers are either polling or interrupt-driven, with the latter being more generally preferred.本文由容源電子網(wǎng)（m.zskn.com.cn）整理提供，部分內(nèi)容來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵犯到你的權(quán)利請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系更正。